Defining a variable includes giving it a name, specifying its type, the values the variable can take (e.g., 1, 2, 3), etc. Without this information, your data will be much harder to understand and use. Whenever you are working with data, it is important to make sure the variables in the data are defined so that you (and anyone else who works with the data) can tell exactly what was measured, and how.
1. #Nominal A nominal scale represent lower level of Measurement
2. #Ordinal An ordinal scale of measurement represents an ordered series of relationships or rank order
Example
3. #Interval
4. #Ratio
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1.1 General functions: In the upper area Menu bar (“File”, “Edit” and so on) In the lower-left corner, two tabs are available: Data View and Variable View. File types (SPSS uses three types of files) Type Extension Content Data set .sav Data and variables Syntax .sps Commands and comments Output .spv Results
1.2 Variable view In Variable View, different columns are displayed.
1.3 Creating a new data set
1.4 Data view Once the structure of the data set is determined, it is time to take a look at Data View. Access this view by clicking on the tab named Data View in the lower-left corner.
1.5 Syntax: The #syntax is presented in a new window called IBM SPSS #Statistics Syntax Editor. Note that the Menu bar is very similar to the one available through Data View and Variable View. In order words, you do not always have to go back to Data View or Variable View to access the Menu bar.
1.6 Output Everything you order in SPSS (e.g. #graphs, tables, or analyses) ends up in a window called #Output.
SPSS, which stands for statistical package for the social sciences, is an application that can aid in quantitative data handling. The importance of this software, especially to the students of Social Science, is of no bound. Before SPSS, researchers had to run statistical tests on data sets by hand. However, SPSS automates this process. Not only does SPSS allow us to run statistical tests, but we can also use SPSS for other purposes as well. The importance of SPSS is as following.
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